Fatal Dog Attacks
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According to CDC data, every year in the United States there are an average of 33 fatalities due to fatal dog attacks. Of these, approximately 64% involve adults, 28% involve children, and 8% involve infants. Since 2016, at least 65 different breeds and mixed breeds have been involved in fatal dog attacks in the U.S. including: Akita, Boxer, Doberman Pinscher, German Shepherd, Great Dane, Husky, Labrador Retriever, Mastiff, Pitbull-Type, Rottweiler, and many others. Scientific studies have determined that the most common causes of fatal dog attacks are preventable factors related to irresponsible ownership, abuse and/or neglect, failure to neuter dogs, and failure to properly supervise large or strong dogs around infants and children. Contrary to unreliable information about breed-specific risk related to certain breeds, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), the CDC, and multiple peer-reviewed studies have concluded that a dog's breed does not determine aggression, bite strength, or risk. While every fatal dog attack is tragic, the majority of dog bite-related fatalities (DBRFs) are the result of human-controlled factors specific to the circumstances surrounding the incident.
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Dog Bite-Related Fatality Statistics
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Statistics, fatal dog attack data, and breed risk rates:
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65+
Number of different breeds involved in fatal dog attacks in the U.S. since only 2016, confirming that serious dog bite-related incidents are not a breed-specific issue. Source: Recent DBRF data |
25+Number of different breeds associated with fatal dog attacks in the U.S. identified in a CDC study that analyzed 20 years of dog bite-related fatality (DBRF) data. Source: CDC DBRF study |
12+Number of different breeds with similar risk rates for dog bite-related fatalities (DBRFs) including: Malamutes, Chow Chows, Saint Bernards, Huskies, Great Danes, Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers, Mastiffs, Pitbull-Type dogs, Akitas, German Shepherds, and Bulldogs. Source: Breed DBRF risk rates |
0.00001%The risk of being fatally attacked by a dog (of any breed) given an average of 33 fatal attacks every year in the U.S. and a population of 330,000,000. According to CDC data, fatal dog attacks are exceedingly rare - lightning strikes cause more fatalities (~36/year) than dogs. Source: CDC DBRF+Lightning data |
17.6%Percentage of fatal dog attacks where valid breed determination was possible by expert evaluation and/or scientific breed identification methods (DNA etc.). Source: JAVMA study |
84.4%Percentage of fatal dog attacks that involve un-neutered dogs. Un-neutered dogs (of all breeds and both genders) are associated with higher rates of aggression. Source: JAVMA study |
Breeds Involved In Fatal Dog Attacks
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Breeds and mixes involved in fatal dog attacks in the U.S. since 2016:
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1. Akita
2. Alaskan Husky mix 3. American Bulldog 4. American Bulldog mix 5. American Bulldog-Great Pyrenees mix 6. Australian Cattle Dog mix 7. Belgian Malinois 8. Belgian Malinois-Bulldog mix 9. Black Mouth Cur mix 10. Border Collie mix 11. Boxer 12. Boxer mix 13. Brazilian Mastiff 14. Bulldog mix 15. Cane Corso 16. Cane Corso mix 17. Chow Chow mix 18. Coonhound 19. Dachshund mix 20. Doberman Pinscher |
21. Doberman Pinscher mix
22. Dogo Argentino 23. Dutch Shepherd 24. English Bulldog 25. English Mastiff 26. French Bulldog mix 27. French Mastiff 28. German Shepherd 29. German Shepherd mix 30. Giant Schnauzer 31. Great Dane 32. Heeler-Mastiff mix 33. Hound mix 34. Husky mix 35. Husky-Australian Cattle Dog mix 36. Husky-Shepherd mix 37. Labrador Retriever 38. Labrador Retreiver mix 39. Labrador Retriever-Great Pyrenees mix 40. Labrador Retriever-Shepherd mix |
41. Leopard Cur mix
42. Malamute-Wolf Hybrid mix 43. Mastiff 44. Mastiff-Great Dane mix 45. Mastiff-Labrador Retriever mix 46. Mastiff-Presa Canario mix 47. Neapolitan Mastiff 48-51. Pitbull-Type and mixes* 52. Pocket Bully 53. Queensland Heeler 54. Retriever-Hound mix 55. Rottweiler 56. Rottweiler-Mastiff mix 57. Saint Bernard 58. Sheltie-Corgi mix 59. Shepherd mix 60. South African Boerboel 61-65+. Various mixed breeds |
* "Pitbull-type" includes at least 4 different breeds
Source: Recent DBRF data (updated October, 2022)
Source: Recent DBRF data (updated October, 2022)
Dog Bite-Related Scientific Studies
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Peer-reviewed studies on fatal dog attacks, breed risk, aggression, and bite severity:
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Fatal Dog Attacks Study Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States Conclusions: Over 25 different breeds were associated with fatal dog attacks. For public safety, breed-neutral regulations are more effective. Source: Link to study |
Breed Risk Study Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Co-occurrence of potentially preventable factors in 256 dog bite-related fatalities in the United States Conclusions: Breed does not determine risk. Preventable factors related to irresponsible ownership are the primary cause of dog bite-related fatalities. Source: Link to study |
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Breed Aggression Study Journal of Applied Animal Behaviour Science Human directed aggression in domestic dogs: Occurrence in different contexts and risk factors Conclusions: Breed does not determine aggression. Factors relevant to aggression include un-neutered dogs and dogs subjected to punishment-based training methods. Source: Link to study |
Breed Aggression Study Journal of Veterinary Behavior Comparison of golden retrievers and dogs affected by breed-specific legislation regarding aggressive behavior Conclusions: Breed does not determine aggression. There were no differences in aggression between the legislated breeds and the control group (golden retrievers). Source: Link to study |
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Bite Severity Study Irish Veterinary Journal Dog bite injuries to humans and the use of breed-specific legislation: A comparison of bites from legislated and non-legislated dog breeds Conclusions: Breed does not determine bite severity. There is no medical evidence of a difference between bites by legislated breeds and bites by other large or strong breeds. Source: Link to study |
Bite Severity Study Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Defaming Rover: Error-based latent rhetoric in the medical literature on dog bites Conclusions: A selection of disputed medical studies on dog bites contained: "clear-cut factual errors, misinterpretations, omissions, exaggerations based on misunderstood or inaccurate statistics, and misinformation about the significance of breed". Source: Link to study |
Additional studies: Dog bite-related scientific studies
Position Statements on Breed Specific Legislation (BSL)
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Organizations that have rejected BSL (dog bans) as an effective approach for public safety include:
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National Animal Control Association (NACA) "Dangerous or vicious dogs should be labeled as such as a result of their actions or behavior and not because of their breed. Any dog may exhibit aggressive behavior regardless of breed. Additionally, breed specific legislation may create an undue burden to owners who otherwise have demonstrated proper pet management and responsibility." Link to statement |
American Bar Association (ABA) "The ABA urges all state, territorial, and local legislative bodies and governmental agencies to adopt comprehensive breed-neutral laws that ensure due process protections for owners, encourage responsible pet ownership and focus on the behavior of both dog owners and dogs, and to repeal any breed discriminatory or breed specific provisions." Link to statement |
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Association of Professional Dog Trainers (APDT) "Canine temperaments are widely varied, and behavior cannot be predicted by physical features. The only predictor of behavior is behavior. The solution to preventing dog bites is education of owners, breeder, and the general public about aggression prevention - not legislation directed at certain breeds." Link to statement |
Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT) "The solution to preventing dog bites is education of owners, breeders, and the general public about aggression prevention and responsible dog ownership, not legislation directed at certain breeds." Link to statement |
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Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) "There is no evidence that breed-specific laws reduce dog bites or attacks on people and they divert resources from more effective animal control and public safety initiatives. Breed-based policies are based on myths and misinformation, rather than science or credible data." Link to statement |
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) "Animal control and legislative approaches to protecting a community from dangerous dogs should not be based on breed, but instead on promoting responsible pet ownership and developing methods to rapidly identify and respond to owners whose dogs present an actual risk." Link to statement |